This review systematically summarizes recent key advances and persistent bottlenecks in the scalable fabrication of perovskite absorber layers, electron transport layers, and hole transport layers on flexible substrates. It also surveys recent progress in the practical applications of flexible perovskite solar modules (F-PSMs) in wearable devices, indoor Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and building- and vehicle-integrated photovoltaics, as well as space and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms. Finally, it outlines the remaining challenges and future directions for achieving high efficiency, long-term stability, and cost-effective, large-scale manufacturing of F-PSMs.
Flexible perovskite solar cells have attracted growing attention owing to their lightweight, mechanical flexibility, and high power-to-weight ratio, making them promising for wearable electronics, aerospace, and building-integrated photovoltaics. While small cells (<0.1 cm2) have achieved efficiencies exceeding 26%, scaling up to large-area modules faces critical challenges, including efficiency losses, reduced operational stability, and the immaturity of scalable manufacturing technologies. This review provides a systematic overview of recent reported strategies for fabricating large-area flexible perovskite solar modules (F-PSMs), focusing on scalable fabrication of perovskite light absorbers, electron transport layers, and hole transport layers. Solution-based—slot-die and blade coating—and vacuum-based approaches, along with their challenges for flexible substrates, have been discussed and analyzed. We further highlight recent advances in interface engineering, defect passivation, and mechanical reliability, which aim to bridge the gap between laboratory prototypes and industrial-scale production. Particular attention is given to interconnection techniques such as laser scribing, which critically affect efficiency and durability. Finally, the review outlines key challenges and future directions for achieving high efficiency, long-term stability, and cost-effective, large-scale manufacturing of F-PSMs.
Solar RRL, EarlyView. Read More
