We present a detailed and reproducible protocol for the fabrication of p-i-n perovskite solar cells, achieving power conversion efficiencies (PCE) exceeding 25%. We emphasize the pivotal importance of self-assembled monolayer selection and the antisolvent dropping technique. This fabrication protocol has facilitated the production of highly reproducible perovskite solar cells, with an average efficiency of 24.66% and a maximum device PCE of 25.38%.
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a groundbreaking technology in the field of photovoltaics, attaining unprecedented power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 27%. This achievement is attributed to extensive research in areas such as crystallization kinetics, solvent engineering, and interface optimization. Nonetheless, significant challenges persist in consistently replicating these record efficiencies, with many laboratories encountering difficulties in surpassing PCEs of 25% due to material sensitivity, inadequate control over the fabrication process, and the absence of detailed, reproducible fabrication protocols. In this study, we present comprehensive and reproducible fabrication protocols designed to achieve PCEs exceeding 25%. By disseminating our step-by-step protocols and critical experimental details, we aim to support non-expert laboratories in attaining high efficiencies and facilitating the evolution of PSC technology. We assert that the open and transparent exchange of knowledge and experience is vital for fostering innovation and realizing the full potential of PSCs.
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